Emissions of Euro 6 Mono- and Bi-Fuel Gas Vehicles

نویسندگان

چکیده

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum (LPG) are included in the group of promoted transport fuel alternatives Europe. Most studies on emissions factors based old technology CNG LPG fueled vehicles. Furthermore, there not many data at low ambient temperatures, on-road driving, or unregulated pollutants, such as ammonia (NH3). In this study we measured one Euro 6b light commercial vehicle, 6d-Temp bi-fuel passenger car, four cars. Tests testing worldwide harmonized vehicles test cycles (WLTC) laboratory with cold hot engine, 23 °C ?7 °C. The results showed 10–23% CO2 savings modality compared to gasoline, lower CO particle number emissions, relatively similar total non-methane hydrocarbons NOx emissions. were high for all fuels; higher than gasoline diesel also that, following introduction real-driving regulation, even though applicable examined vehicles, had

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Greenhouse Gas and Noxious Emissions from Dual Fuel Diesel and Natural Gas Heavy Goods Vehicles.

Dual fuel diesel and natural gas heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) operate on a combination of the two fuels simultaneously. By substituting diesel for natural gas, vehicle operators can benefit from reduced fuel costs and as natural gas has a lower CO2 intensity compared to diesel, dual fuel HGVs have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the freight sector. In this study, ener...

متن کامل

Investigating the Longitudinal Optical Conductivity in Three-Layer Graphene Systems with Composes Mono-Bi-Bi and Bi-Mono-Bi and Bi-Bi-Mono

The longitudinal optical conductivity is the most important property for graphene-baseddevices. So investigating this property for spatially separated few-layer graphene systems analytically and numerically is the main purpose of our study. Each layer can be mono- or bi-layer graphene. The density-density correlation function has been screened by the dielectric function using the random p...

متن کامل

Mono-Mono-Mono and Bi-Bi-Bi three-layer graphene systems’ optical conductivity

Investigating the longitudinal optical conductivity of graphene systems, which is the mostimportant property for opto-electronic devices, for three-layer graphene systems theoretically and numerically is the main purpose of this study. Each layer can be mono- or bi-layer graphene. Separation between layers has been denoted by d, selected to be about ten nanometers. The carrier densities i...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Catalysts

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2073-4344']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12060651